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1 American Counsel for an Energy Efficiency Economy. (2016). Building policies. Retrieved from https://aceee.org/topics/building-policies

2 Advanced Energy Economy. (2019). Advanced energy now 2019 market report: Global and U.S. market revenue 2011–18 and key trends in advanced energy, p. 9. Retrieved from https://www.advancedenergynow.org/aen-2019-market-report

3 National Association of State Energy Officials & Energy Futures Initiative. (2019). The 2019 U.S. energy and employment report. Retrieved from https://www.usenergyjobs.org

4 Walton, R. (2019, March 7). Efficiency leads 2019 energy job growth prospects (Issue Brief). Retrieved from https://www.utilitydive.com/news/efficiency-leads-2019-energy-job-growth-prospects-report-finds/549968/

5 A June 2018 U.S. Department of Energy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory study found that the cost of a kilowatt-hour (kWh) saved, including both participant costs and program administrator costs, was appropriately 5 cents per kilowatt-hour ($0.039/kWh for residential, $0.145/kWh for low income and $0.055/kWh for commercial and industrial). Hoffman, I., Goldman, C. A., Murphy, S., Mims, N., Leventis, G., & Schwartz, L. (2018, June). The cost of saving electricity through energy efficiency programs funded by utility customers: 2009–2015. Retrieved from http://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/cose_final_report_20180619_1.pdf

6 The average price of electricity to ultimate U.S. consumers (all sectors) was 10.43 cents per kilowatt- hour as of February 2019. U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2019, July). Electric power monthly: Table 5.6.A. Average price of electricity to ultimate customers by end-use sector. Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.php?t=epmt_5_6_a

7 Goldman, C. A., Murphy, S., Hoffman, I., Mims Frick, N., Leventis, G., & Schwartz, L. (2018, November). The future of U.S. electricity efficiency programs funded by utility customers: Program spending and savings projections to 2030. Retrieved from http://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/future_of_ee_final_report_20181205_final.pdf

8 Bert, W., Nowak, S., Relf, G., Vaidyanathan, S., Junga, E., DiMascio, M., & Cooper, E. (2018, October). The 2018 state energy efficiency scorecard (Report No. U1808). Retrieved from https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/u1808.pdf

9 Stuart, E., Larsen, P. H., Carvallo, J. P., Goldman, C. A., & Gilligan, D. (2016, October). U.S. Energy Service Company (ESCO) industry: Recent market trends. Retrieved from https://www.naesco.org/data/industryreports/esco_recent_market_trends_30sep2016.pdf

10 Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. (2019, March). Energy efficiency standards and targets. Retrieved from https://www.c2es.org/document/energy-efficiency-standards-and-targets/

11 Goldman, C. A., Murphy, S., Hoffman, I., Mims Frick, N., Leventis, G., & Schwartz, L. (2018, November). The future of U.S. electricity efficiency programs funded by utility customers: Program spending and savings projections to 2030. Retrieved from http://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/future_of_ee_final_report_20181205_final.pdf

12 Chen, O., (2018, June 20). Connected devices are driving a more grid-responsive home. GreenTech Media. Retrieved from https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/connected-devices-driving-a-more-grid-responsive-home

1 Electric Power Research Institute. (2017, May). State level electric energy efficiency potential estimates (Report No. 3002009988). Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/05/f34/epri_state_level_electric_energy_efficiency_potential_estimates_0.pdf

2 Electric Power Research Institute. (2017, May). State level electric energy efficiency potential estimates (Report No. 3002009988). Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/05/f34/epri_state_level_electric_energy_efficiency_potential_estimates_0.pdf

3 Siemens. (2010, August). Economics of energy upgrades. National League of Cities. Retrieved from http://www.nlc.org/sites/default/files/The-Economics-of-Energy-Upgrades.pdf

4 Kiss, B., & Mundaca, L. (2013). Transaction costs of energy efficiency in buildings—An overview. International Association for Energy Economics, 31–32. Retrieved from www.iaee.org/en/ publications/newsletterdl.aspx?id=196

5 Melvin, J. (2018, April). The split incentives energy efficiency problem: Evidence of underinvestment by landlords. Energy Policy, 115, 342–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.11.069

1 Bert, W., Nowak, S., Relf, G., Vaidyanathan, S., Junga, E., DiMascio, M., & Cooper, E. (2018, October). The 2018 state energy efficiency scorecard (Report No. U1808). Retrieved from https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/u1808.pdf

2 Bert, W., Nowak, S., Relf, G., Vaidyanathan, S., Junga, E., DiMascio, M., & Cooper, E. (2018, October). The 2018 state energy efficiency scorecard (Report No. U1808), p. 42, Table 17. Retrieved from https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/u1808.pdf

3 The seven states that require all cost-effective efficiency are California, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. (2017, January). State energy efficiency resource standards (EERS) (Policy Brief). Retrieved from https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/state-eers-0117.pdf

4 The 16 states are Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island and Wisconsin. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. (2017, January). State energy efficiency resource standards (EERS) (Policy Brief ). Retrieved from https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/state-eers-0117.pdf

5 Arizona Corporation Commission. (2009, December 18). Docket No. RE-00000C-09-0427, Decision No. 71436. Retrieved from https://images.edocket.azcc.gov/docketpdf/0000106428.pdf; Arizona Corporation Commission. (2010, August 10). Docket No. RE-00000C-09-0427, Decision No. 71819. Retrieved from https://images.edocket.azcc.gov/docketpdf/0000116125.pdf

6 Arizona Corporation Commission. (2009, December 18). Docket No. RE-00000C-09-0427, Decision No. 71436. Retrieved from https://images.edocket.azcc.gov/docketpdf/0000106428.pdf; Arizona Corporation Commission. (2010, August 10). Docket No. RE-00000C-09-0427, Decision No. 71819. Retrieved from https://images.edocket.azcc.gov/docketpdf/0000116125.pdf

7 States that have established nonutility administration of efficiency programs include Delaware, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Vermont and Wisconsin. Bert, W., Nowak, S., Relf, G., Vaidyanathan, S., Junga, E., DiMascio, M., & Cooper, E. (2018, October). The 2018 state energy efficiency scorecard (Report No. U1808). Retrieved from https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/u1808.pdf

8 Bert, W., Nowak, S., Relf, G., Vaidyanathan, S., Junga, E., DiMascio, M., & Cooper, E. (2018, October). The 2018 state energy efficiency scorecard (Report No. U1808), p. 28 Table 8. Retrieved from https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/u1808.pdf

9 Bert, W., Nowak, S., Relf, G., Vaidyanathan, S., Junga, E., DiMascio, M., & Cooper, E. (2018, October). The 2018 state energy efficiency scorecard (Report No. U1808), p. 34 Table 12. Retrieved from https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/u1808.pdf

10 Advanced Energy Economy. (n.d.). Maryland’s Behavioral Demand Response Program—BGE’s SmartEnergy Rewards case study. In: Navigating utility business model reform—Case studies. Retrieved from https://info.aee.net/navigating-utility-business-model-reform-case-studies

11 PNM. (n.d.). PNM Peak Saver. Retrieved from https://www.pnm.com/peaksaver

12 Athalye, R. A., Sivaraman, D., Elliott, D. B., Liu, B., & Bartlett, R. (2016, October). Impacts of model building energy codes (Report No. PNNL-25611 Rev. 1). Retrieved from https://www.energycodes.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Impacts_Of_Model_Energy_Codes.pdf

13 Energy-Efficient Codes Coalition. (2019, January 16). EECC codes-carbon calculator. Available at https://energyefficientcodes.org/resources/?sft_category=resources-page-code-calculator

14 MacLeod, P., & Heeren, A. (2017, January 20). What you need to know about the new Massachusetts energy code. Retrieved from https://www.cetonline.org/need-know-new-massachusetts-energy-code

1 “More than 94 percent of net new electricity capacity in the USA from renewables in 2017 – emissions down 1 percent,” J. Weaver, Electrek, Jan. 12, 2018. Retrieved from https://electrek.co/2018/01/12/94-percent-new-electricity-capacity-usa-from-renewables/

2 “Plunging Prices Mean Building New Renewable Energy Is Cheaper Than Running Existing Coal,” M. Mahajan, Forbes, Dec. 3, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/energyinnovation/2018/12/03/plunging-prices-mean-building-new-renewable-energy-is-cheaper-than-running-existing-coal

3 “Solar Industry Research Data,” Solar Industry Energy Association. Retrieved from https://www.seia.org/solar-industry-research-data

4 “Levelized Cost of Energy and Levelized Cost of Storage 2018,” Lazard Investments. Retrieved from https://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-energy-and-levelized-cost-of-storage-2018/

5 Id.

6 “Recovery Act: W.A. Parish Post-Combustion CO2 Capture and Sequestration Project,” NETL. Retrieved from https://www.netl.doe.gov/project-information?k=FE0003311

7 “Solar Industry Research Data,” Solar Industry Energy Association. Retrieved from https://www.seia.org/solar-industry-research-data

8 “Wind Powers Job Growth,” American Wind Energy Association, Retrieved from https://www.awea.org/wind-101/benefits-of-wind/powering-job-growth

9 “Distributed Energy Poised for ‘Explosive Growth’ on the US Grid,” GreenTech Media, June 21, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/distributed-energy-poised-for-explosive-growth-on-the-us-grid

10 The 2019 U.S. Energy and Employment Report, National Association of State Energy Officials. Retrieved from https://www.usenergyjobs.org/

11 State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals, National Conference of State Legislators, Feb. 1, 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx, adding Maryland, Nevada, and New Mexico based on the 2019 legislative sessions to date.

12 “Washington Commits to 100 percent Clean Energy and Other States May Follow Suit,” Inside Climate News, P. McKenna, May 9, 2019. Retrieved from https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07052019/100-percent-clean-energy-map-inslee-washington-california-puerto-rico

13 United States Climate Alliance, Governor membership. Retrieved from https://www.usclimatealliance.org/governors-1

14 “Montana Governor Steve Bullock Becomes 25th Governor to Join U.S. Climate Alliance,” July 1, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.usclimatealliance.org/publications/2019/7/1/montana-governor-steve-bullock-becomes-25th-governor-to-join-us-climate-alliance

15 “2019 Sustainable Energy in America Factbook,” Bloomberg New Energy Finance and Business Council for Sustainable Energy, at 2-3. Retrieved from https://www.bcse.org/wp-content/uploads/2019-Sustainable-Energy-in-America-Factbook-Executive-Summary.pdf

16 Id.

17 “Ohio House Republicans overhaul ‘clean-energy’ bill to focus on nuclear, coal subsidies,” May 22, 2019, Cleveland.com. Retrieved from https://www.cleveland.com/open/2019/05/ohio-house-republicans-overhaul-clean-energy-bill-to-focus-on-nuclear-coal-subsidies.html

18 “Nuclear power companies have spent millions lobbying for subsidies. Should Ohio, other states bail them out?,” Cincinatti Enquirer, Apr. 30, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2019/04/29/ohio-nuclear-plant-bailout/3519840002/

19 “Supreme Court won’t hear nuke subsidy cases, clarifying state energy jurisdiction,” Utility Dive, Apr. 15, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.utilitydive.com/news/supreme-court-wont-hear-nuke-subsidy-cases-clarifying-state-energy-jurisd/552768/

20 RE 100 Companies. Retrieved from http://there100.org/companies (as of May 24, 2019).

21 “For the first time, a major US utility has committed to 100 percent clean energy,” Vox, Dec. 14, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/12/5/18126920/xcel-energy-100-percent-clean-carbon-free

22 “Northern Indiana utility ditching coal in favor of renewable energy in next 10 years,” Indianapolis Star, Nov. 20, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.indystar.com/story/news/environment/2018/09/20/move-over-coal-indiana-utility-switching-solar-and-wind/1369539002/

23 “AEP’s Clean Energy Strategy will Achieve Significant Future Carbon Dioxide Reductions,” AEP, Feb. 6, 2018 [Press Release]. Retrieved from https://www.aep.com/news/releases/read/1503/AEPs-Clean-Energy-Strategy-Will-Achieve-Significant-Future-Carbon-Dioxide-Reductions-

24 Consumers Energy Clean Energy Plan. Retrieved from https://www.consumersenergy.com/community/sustainability/energy-mix/renewables/integrated-resource-plan?utm_campaign=sustainability&utm_medium=vanity-url&utm_source=cleanenergyplan&utm_content=cleanenergyplan

1 “Benefits of Distributed Generation,” Distributed Generation Educational Modules, Consortium on Energy Restructuring, Virginia Tech, 2007. Retrieved from https://www.dg.history.vt.edu/ch1/benefits.html

2 “How leading utilities are planning for distributed energy resources,” Utility Dive, Feb. 6, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.utilitydive.com/news/how-leading-utilities-are-planning-for-distributed-energy-resources/516260/

1 State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals, National Conference of State Legislators, Feb. 1, 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx.

2 Id., adding Maryland, Nevada and New Mexico based on 2019 legislative sessions.

3 “Washington Commits to 100 percent Clean Energy and Other States May Follow Suit,” Inside Climate News, P. McKenna, May 9, 2019. Retrieved from https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07052019/100-percent-clean-energy-map-inslee-washington-california-puerto-rico

4 SB 100 California Renewable Portfolio Standard Program: emissions of greenhouse gases. Retrieved from https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB100

5 New Mexico Senate Bill 489, 54th Legislature, 1st Session, March 2019. Retrieved from https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/19percent20Regular/bills/senate/SB0489.html

6 Executive Order 2019-003, “Executive Order on Preventing Climate Change and Energy Waste Prevention, Jan. 29, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.governor.state.nm.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/EO_2019-003.pdf

7 NY Clean Energy Standard, New York State Energy Research Development Authority (NYSERDA). Retrieved from https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/All-Programs/Programs/Clean-Energy-Standard

8 “NY Governor Wants Zero-Carbon Electricity by 2040,” Greentech Media, Dec. 18, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/new-york-names-100-carbon-neutral-electricity-as-priority#gs.d6x1wg

9 “State Climate Policy Maps,” Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES). Retrieved from https://www.c2es.org/content/state-climate-policy/

10 United States Climate Alliance, Governor membership. Retrieved from https://www.usclimatealliance.org/governors-1

11 “Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf Joins U.S. Climate Alliance,” Apr. 29, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.usclimatealliance.org/publications/2019/4/29/pennsylvania-governor-tom-wolf-joins-us-climate-alliance

12 “Facts about the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act of 2009,” Maryland Department of the Environment. Retrieved from https://mde.maryland.gov/programs/Air/ClimateChange/MCCC/Publications/GGRAFactsAbout.pdf

13 “Climate Change Program.” Maryland Department of the Environment, 2018, https://mde.maryland.gov/programs/Air/ClimateChange/Pages/index.aspx.

14 Maryland, Congress, Education, Health, and Environmental Affairs. General Assembly of Maryland, Oct. 2016. 2016 session, SB0323, http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/webmga/frmMain.aspx?pid=billpage&stab=01&id=sb0323&tab=subject3&ys=2016RS.

15 “Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions by State, 2005–2016,” US Energy Information Agency, Feb. 27, 2019, at 2. Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/state/analysis/

16 Office of Governor Larry Hogan. Governor Hogan Launches New Push for Clean and Renewable Energy. August 14, 2019. https://governor.maryland.gov/2019/08/14/governor-hogan-launches-new-push-for-clean-and-renewable-energy/

17 “Gov. Lujan Grisham Signs Executive Order Committing New Mexico to Essential Climate Change Action.” Office of the Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham, 29 Jan. 2019, http://www.governor.state.nm.us/2019/01/29/gov-lujan-grisham-signs-executive-order-committing-new-mexico-to-essential-climate-change-action/.

18 “Green Banks Impact Report, FY12-CY18,” Connecticut Green Bank. Retrieved from https://www.ctgreenbank.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/FY12-CY18-CGB-Impact-3-20-19.pdf

19 Missouri Department of Economic Development, Division of Energy, Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE). Retrieved from https://energy.mo.gov/assistance-programs/pace.

20 Missouri Clean Energy District, Accessing Capital for Energy Projects, Success Stories. Retrieved from https://www.mced.mo.gov/success-stories/

21 “PACENation: Building the Clean Energy Economy,” PACE Programs Near You. Retrieved from: https://pacenation.us/pace-programs/

22 “NY Green Bank Announces Strong Second Quarter With Commitments Now Totaling Over $522 Million in Support of Up to $1.7 Billion in Clean Energy Investment Across the State,” NY Green Bank: A Division of NYSERDA, Aug. 15, 2018 [Press Release]. Retrieved from https://greenbank.ny.gov/News-and-Media/In-The-News/2018-08-15-NY-Green-Bank-Announces-Strong-Second-Quarter.

23 “Community Solar,” Solar Energy Industries Association. Retrieved from https://www.seia.org/initiatives/community-solar.

24 Ibid.

25 “Colorado develops largest low-income community solar project in US,” PV Tech, Aug. 11, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.pv-tech.org/news/colorado-develops-largest-low-income-community-solar-project-in-us

26 “New Jersey BPU Approves Community Solar Pilot Program,” Jan. 17, 2019, [Press Release], Coalition for Community Solar Access. Retrieved from http://www.communitysolaraccess.org/new-jersey-bpu-approves-community-solar-pilot-program/

27 The global energy storage industry installed 6 GW in 2017 with over 40 GW expected by 2022, up from an initial base of only 0.34 GW installed in 2012 and 2013. “Facts and Figures,” Energy Storage Association. Retrieved from http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/facts-figures

28 Advanced Energy Now, 2019 Market Report, Advanced Energy Economy, at 18. Retrieved from https://www.advancedenergynow.org/aen-2019-market-report

29 “APS Plans to Add Nearly 1GW of New Battery Storage and Solar Resources by 2025,” GreenTech Media, Feb. 21, 2019. Retrieved at https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/aps-battery-storage-solar-2025#gs.cut7i8

30 “Energy storage saves Arizona utility from building 20 miles of transmission, distribution lines,” Energy Storage News, Aug. 10, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.energy-storage.news/news/aps-to-install-4-mwh-energy-storage-systems-in-rural-arizona

31 AB-2514, Energy Storage Systems, approved by Governor on Sept. 29, 2010. Retrieved from https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=200920100AB2514

32 Energy Storage Tracking Progress, California Energy Commission, Aug. 2018. Retrieved from https://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/tracking_progress/documents/energy_storage.pdf

33 “Computing the Nation’s Offshore Wind Energy Potential,” U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Aug. 15, 2016. Retrieved at https://www.energy.gov/eere/articles/computing-america-s-offshore-wind-energy-potential

34 “America’s Electricity Generating Capacity”, American Public Power Association. Retrieved at https://www.publicpower.org/resource/americas-electricity-generating-capacity

35 “Offshore Wind Farms are Spinning Up in the U.S. – At Last,” Wired, Apr. 17, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/story/offshore-wind-farms-are-spinning-up-in-the-us-at-last/

36 “Offshore Wind in Maryland,” Maryland Energy Administration. Retrieved from https://energy.maryland.gov/Pages/Info/renewable/offshorewind.aspx

37 H.4568, An Act to Promote Energy Diversity, Massachusetts Offshore Wind, Massachusetts.gov. Retrieved from https://www.mass.gov/service-details/offshore-wind; and H.4857, An Act to Advance Clean Energy, Retrieved from https://malegislature.gov/Bills/190/H4857

38 US Offshore Wind Industry Status Update, American Wind Energy Association. Retrieved from https://www.awea.org/Awea/media/Resources/Fact%20Sheets/AWEA_Offshore-Wind-Industry-FINAL.pdf

39 U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2019, January 10). New electric generating capacity in 2019 will come from renewables and natural gas. Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=37952

40 American Wind Energy Association. (2019, April 9). US wind power grew 8 percent in 2018 amid record demand [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.awea.org/2018-market-report_us-wind-power-grew-8-percent-in-2018

41 U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2019, January 10). New electric generating capacity in 2019 will come from renewables and natural gas. Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=37952

42 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (n.d.). Wind resource assessment and characterization. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/wind-resource-assessment-and-characterization

43 TransWest Express. (2019, April 19). Wyoming Industrial Siting Council approves state permit for the TWE project [Press release]. Retrieved from http://www.transwestexpress.net/news/alerts/2019/041919-wyoming-industrial-siting-council-approves-state-permit.shtml

44 St. John, J. (2019, April 23). $3 billion transmission project wins key permit in quest to bring wind power to the West Coast. GreenTech Media. Retrieved from https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/transwest-wins-key-permit-for-transmission-to-bring-wyoming-wind-power-to-t#gs.dlsrql

45 Heibel, J., & Durkay, J. (2016, November 1). State legislative approaches to wind energy facility siting. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/state-wind-energy-siting.aspx

46 Heibel, J., & Durkay, J. (2016, November 1). State legislative approaches to wind energy facility siting. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/state-wind-energy-siting.aspx; see also Columbia Law School, Sabin Center for Climate Change Law. (n.d.). Model wind siting ordinance. Retrieved from http://columbiaclimatelaw.com/resources/model-laws-and-protocols/model-municipal-ordinances/model-wind-siting-ordinance and North Carolina and Pennsylvania Model Wind Ordinances, retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/savings/model-wind-ordinance.

47 Solar Energy Industries Association. (n.d.). Solar industry research data. Retrieved from https://www.seia.org/solar-industry-research-data

48 National Association of State Energy Officials & Energy Futures Initiative. (2019). The 2019 U.S. energy & employment report, p. 3. Retrieved from https://www.usenergyjobs.org/

49 Two additional states — Idaho and Texas — have voluntarily adopted net metering programs. Seven states — Arizona, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Maine, Mississippi and Nevada — have statewide distributed generation compensation rules other than net metering. National Conference of State Legislatures. (2017, November 20). State net metering policies. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/net-metering-policy-overview-and-state-legislative-updates.aspx

50 Edison Electric Institute. (2016, January). Solar energy and net metering. Retrieved from http://www.eei.org/issuesandpolicy/generation/NetMetering/Documents/Straight%20Talk%20About%20Net%20Metering.pdf

51 Trabish, H. K. (2018, May 10). How two value-of-solar studies add up to no clear value of solar. Utility Dive. Retrieved from https://www.utilitydive.com/news/how-two-value-of-solar-studies-add-up-to-no-clear-value-of-solar/522892

52 Advanced Energy Economy. (2016). Corporate advanced energy commitments, path for states to capture this growth, p. 1. Retrieved from https://info.aee.net/growth-in-corporate-advanced-energy-demand-market-benefits-report

53 PPL. (2018, September 19). LG&E and KU making system-wide enhancements to further improve safe, reliable service [Press release]. Retrieved from https://pplweb.mediaroom.com/2018-09-19-LG-E-and-KU-making-system-wide-enhancements-to-further-improve-safe-reliable-service

54 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (2016, October). Hydropower vision: A new chapter for America’s first renewable energy resource, p. 1. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/articles/hydropower-vision-new-chapter-america-s-1st-renewable-electricity-source

55 National Hydropower Association & Chelan County Public Utility District. (2019, April). Reinvigorating hydropower: A cornerstone of our clean, affordable, reliable electric future. Retrieved from https://anf5l2g5jkf16p6te3ljwwpk-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Reinvigorating-Hydropower.pdf

1 Auto Alliance. (2019). Advanced Technology Vehicle Sales Dashboard (2011–2018). Retrieved from https://autoalliance.org/energy-environment/advanced-technology-vehicle-sales-dashboard

2 Although fewer than 5,000 hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (EVs) have been sold, more than 565,000 battery-powered EVs and 480,000 plug-in EVs have been sold as of June 1, 2019. Auto Alliance. (2019). Advanced Technology Vehicle Sales Dashboard (2011–2018). Retrieved from https://autoalliance.org/energy-environment/advanced-technology-vehicle-sales-dashboard

3 Lampton, C. (2011, December 6). Will electric cars require more maintenance? Retrieved from https://auto.howstuffworks.com/will-electric-cars-require-more-maintenance.htm

4 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (n.d.). Electric vehicle benefits. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/electric-vehicle-benefits

5 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (n.d.). Electric vehicle benefits. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/electric-vehicle-benefits

6 Hatch, J., & Helveston, J. (2018, August 27). Will autonomous vehicles be electric? Retrieved from https://www.bu.edu/ise/2018/08/27/will-autonomous-vehicles-be-electric

7 Bloomberg New Energy Finance’s forecast, for example, which is one of the more aggressive forecasts, predicting that by 2040, 57% of all passenger vehicle sales and more than 30% of the global passenger vehicle fleet will be electric. Bloomberg NEF. (2019). Electric vehicle forecast 2019, slide 6. Retrieved from https://about.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-outlook/#toc-viewreport

8 Domonosky, C. (2019, February 16). As more electric cars arrive, what’s the future for gas-powered engines? National Public Radio. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2019/02/16/694303169/as-more-electric-cars-arrive-whats-the-future-for-gas-powered-engines

9 Brinley, S. (2019, May 28). IHS Markit forecasts EV sales to reach US market share of 7.6 percent in 2026. Retrieved from https://ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/–ihs-markit-forecasts-ev-sales-us.html

10 Levine, S. (2019, May 31). The future of big electrics. Axios. Retrieved from https://www.axios.com/american-consumers-start-looking-electric-suvs-future-7c7e843d-d1b6-4865-a8ca-ee47835aac3a.html

11 Domonosky, C. (2019, February 16). As more electric cars arrive, what’s the future for gas-powered engines? National Public Radio. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2019/02/16/694303169/as-more-electric-cars-arrive-whats-the-future-for-gas-powered-engines

12 Smith, A. (2018, July). Electric vehicle incentives and fees. Legis Brief, 26(28). Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/electric-vehicle-incentives-and-fees.aspx

13 States that have established electric vehicle targets include California, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington. National Governors Association Portland EV Workshop (2019, June 19).

14 Nearly 100 electrified models slated to arrive through 2022. (2018, October 1). Automotive News. Retrieved from https://www.autonews.com/article/20181001/OEM04/181009990/nearly-100-electrified-models-slated-to-arrive-through-2022

15 Gross, B. (2019, April 29). Crafting incentives, developing policies & building consumer awareness. In North/Central Regional Transportation Electrification Workshop. Symposium conducted at a meeting of the National Governors Association, Kansas City, MO. Retrieved from https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Crafting-Incentives-Developing-Policies-Building-Consumer-Awareness.pdf

16 As of June 4, 2019, Tesla’s website touts 1,533 supercharger stations with 13,344 superchargers. Tesla. (2019). On the road. Retrieved from https://www.tesla.com/supercharger

17 Ferris, D. (2019, January 3). How Volkswagen turned from diesel pariah into electric gorilla. E&E News. Retrieved from https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060110789

18 Walton, R. (2019, May 29). GM, Bechtel plan thousands of fast charging stations across US. Utility Dive. Retrieved from https://www.utilitydive.com/news/gm-bechtel-plan-thousands-of-fast-charging-stations-across-us/555670

1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2019, February). Inventory of US greenhouse gas emissions and sinks 1990–2017 (Report No. EPA-430-P-19-001). Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-02/documents/us-ghg-inventory-2019-main-text.pdf

2 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (n.d.). Reducing pollution with electric vehicles. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/reducing-pollution-electric-vehicles

3 Lampton, C. (2011, December 6). Will electric cars require more maintenance? Retrieved from https://auto.howstuffworks.com/will-electric-cars-require-more-maintenance.htm

4 Morris, C. (2018, February 5). Electric vehicles have lowest total cost of ownership, study finds. Clean Technica. Retrieved from https://cleantechnica.com/2018/02/05/new-study-finds-electric-vehicles-offer-lowest-total-cost-ownership

5 Khan, S., & Vaidyanathan, S. (2018, February 13). Strategies for integrating electric vehicles into the grid. Retrieved from https://aceee.org/research-report/t1801

6 In total, 82% of consumers stated that electric vehicles are a practical evolution of technology. Evarts, E. C. (2018, June 8). More support for electric cars than knowledge or interest, Northeastern study finds. Green Car Reports. Retrieved from https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1117130_more-support-for-electric-cars-than-knowledge-or-interest-northeastern-study-finds

7 Gerdes, J. (2018, February 26). Consumers lack EV awareness, even in the nation’s largest market. Retrieved from https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/consumers-lack-ev-awareness-even-in-the-nations-largest-market#gs.6vtu1y

8 Bullard, N. (2019, April 12). Electric car price tag shrinks along with battery cost. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-04-12/electric-vehicle-battery-shrinks-and-so-does-the-total-cost

9 The longstanding electric vehicle (EV) challenge of “range anxiety” is dissipating with the emergence of vehicles capable of traveling more than 200 miles on a single charge and growing recognition that most EV drivers do 80% of their charging at home. Nevertheless, a public EV charging station infrastructure will be required for urban dwellers who do not have dedicated parking and for longer trips. See Walton, R. (2019, May 29). GM, Bechtel plan thousands of fast charging stations across US. Utility Dive. Retrieved from https://www.utilitydive.com/news/gm-bechtel-plan-thousands-of-fast-charging-stations-across-us/555670

10 Electric vehicle drivers do not pay gasoline taxes, forcing states to find alternative ways to collect funds for roads and highways. National Governors Association will issue a separate white paper on this issue in the near future.

1 States interested in accelerating electric vehicle adoption should consider the policy evaluation tool created for Electrify America and made publicly available to states by the National Association of State Energy Officials and CADMUS. See National Association of State Energy Officials & CADMUS. (2018, September). PEV policy evaluation rubric: A methodology for evaluating the impact of state and local policies on plug-in electric vehicle adoption. Retrieved from https://naseo.org/Data/Sites/1/pevpolicyrubricmethodology_naseo.pdf

2 EVAdoption. (2019, June). Federal EV tax credit phase out tracker by automaker. Retrieved from https://evadoption.com/ev-sales/federal-ev-tax-credit-phase-out-tracker-by-automaker

3 Gross, B. (2019, April 29). Crafting incentives, developing policies & building consumer awareness. In North/Central Regional Transportation Electrification Workshop. Symposium conducted at a meeting of the National Governors Association, Kansas City, MO. Retrieved from https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Crafting-Incentives-Developing-Policies-Building-Consumer-Awareness.pdf

4 Hyatt, K. (2019, May 9). Washington state reinstates its electric vehicle tax incentive, report says. Roadshow. Retrieved from https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/washington-state-ev-tax-credit-reinstated

5 Forth (January 29, 2018) “Cash on the Hood” – The Urgent Need For EV Incentives. Retrieved from https://forthmobility.org/news/CashOnTheHood

6 Gross, B. (2019, April 29). Crafting incentives, developing policies & building consumer awareness. In North/Central Regional Transportation Electrification Workshop. Symposium conducted at a meeting of the National Governors Association, Kansas City, MO. Retrieved from https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Crafting-Incentives-Developing-Policies-Building-Consumer-Awareness.pdf

7 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (n.d.). Charging at home. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/charging-home

8 Nicholas, M., Hall, D., & Lutsey, N. (2019, January). Quantifying the electric vehicle charging infrastructure gap across U.S. markets, p. ii. Retrieved from https://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/US_charging_Gap_20190124.pdf

9 Myers, A. (2019, April 30). How states can overcome the looming EV charging infrastructure gap: New York, Maryland, Michigan. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/energyinnovation/2019/04/30/how-states-can-overcome-the-looming-ev-charging-infrastructure-gap-new-york-maryland-michigan/#692b55b410f2

10 Gross, B. (2019, April 29). Crafting incentives, developing policies & building consumer awareness. In North/Central Regional Transportation Electrification Workshop. Symposium conducted at a meeting of the National Governors Association, Kansas City, MO. Retrieved from https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Crafting-Incentives-Developing-Policies-Building-Consumer-Awareness.pdf

11 Maryland Department of the Environment. (n.d.). Zero emission vehicles. Retrieved from https://mde.maryland.gov/programs/air/mobilesources/pages/zev.aspx

12 Campbell, C. (2019, January 14). Maryland Public Service Commission authorizes utilities to install 5,000 electric vehicle charging stations statewide. Baltimore Sun. Retrieved from https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/environment/bs-md-electric-vehicle-charging-stations-20190114-story.html

13 St. John, J. (2019, January 10). Michigan approves its first utility EV charging infrastructure pilot. GreenTech Media. Retrieved from https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/michigan-approves-its-first-utility-ev-charging-infrastructure-pilot#gs.6vufgn

14 Office of New York Governor Andrew M. Cuomo. (2018, May 13). Governor Cuomo announces $250 million initiative to expand electric vehicle infrastructure across New York state [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-250-million-initiative-expand-electric-vehicle-infrastructure-across

15 Myers, A. (2019, April 30). How states can overcome the looming EV charging infrastructure gap: New York, Maryland, Michigan. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/energyinnovation/2019/04/30/how-states-can-overcome-the-looming-ev-charging-infrastructure-gap-new-york-maryland-michigan/#692b55b410f2

16 Jackson, B. (2018, July 6). States got $3 billion in VW scandal. Here’s how they’ll spend it. Bloomberg. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-06/states-got-3-billion-in-vw-scandal-here-s-how-they-ll-spend-it

17 Owens, Z. (2019, April 4). Electric vehicle (EV) charging in Colorado. In Charging infrastructure: What, where, and how many? Symposium conducted at the National Governors Association’s Western EV Workshop, Denver, CO. Retrieved from https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Charging-Infrastructure.pdf

18 McGowan, E. (2018, October 5). Virginia taps Volkswagen money to tackle transportation emissions. Energy News Network. Retrieved from https://energynews.us/2018/10/05/southeast/virginia-taps-volkswagen-money-to-tackle-transportation-emissions/

19 Harman, K., & Dowd, E. (2017, September 26). State efforts to promote hybrid and electric vehicles. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/state-electric-vehicle-incentives-state-chart.aspx

20 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (n.d.). Charging at home. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/charging-home

21 Guinn, S. (2018, November 2). EVSE rebates and state tax credits by state. Retrieved from https://www.clippercreek.com/evse-rebates-and-tax-credits-by-state

22 High-occupancy vehicle and parking privileges are offered in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Tennessee, Utah and Virginia. Harman, K., & Dowd, E. (2017, September 26). State efforts to promote hybrid and electric vehicles. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/state-electric-vehicle-incentives-state-chart.aspx

23 Vehicle emissions testing is not required for hybrids or electric vehicles in Arizona, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, Virginia or Washington. Harman, K., & Dowd, E. (2017, September 26). State efforts to promote hybrid and electric vehicles. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/state-electric-vehicle-incentives-state-chart.aspx

24 Berg, W., Nowak, S., Relf, G., Vaidyanathan, S., Junga, E., DiMascio, M., & Cooper, E. (2018, October). The 2018 state energy efficiency scorecard (Report No. U1808), p. 112. Retrieved from https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/u1808.pdf

25 Harman, K., & Dowd, E. (2017, September 26). State efforts to promote hybrid and electric vehicles. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/state-electric-vehicle-incentives-state-chart.aspx

26 American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy. (2019, July). State and local policy database: Fleets. Retrieved from https://database.aceee.org/state/fleets

27 American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy. (2019, July). State and local policy database: Fleets. Retrieved from https://database.aceee.org/state/fleets

28 Washington State Department of Commerce. (n.d.). Welcome to the Electric Drive Washington website. Retrieved from https://www.commerce.wa.gov/growing-the-economy/energy/electric-vehicles

29 See, for example, Exec. Order No. 17-20, State of Oregon (2017, November 6). Retrieved from https://www.oregon.gov/gov/Documents/executive_orders/eo_17-20.pdf; and Maryland Department of Transportation. (n.d.). Maryland Zero Emission Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Council. Retrieved from http://www.mdot.maryland.gov/newMDOT/Planning/Electric_Vehicle/About_the_Council.html

30 Szymkowski, S. (2019, May 7). Auto trade group urges Colorado to nix zero-emission vehicle mandate [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://gmauthority.com/blog/2019/05/auto-trade-group-urges-colorado-to-nix-zero-emission-vehicle-mandate

31 Szymkowski, S. (2019, May 7). Auto trade group urges Colorado to nix zero-emission vehicle mandate [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://gmauthority.com/blog/2019/05/auto-trade-group-urges-colorado-to-nix-zero-emission-vehicle-mandate

32 Scott, J. (2019, April 4). Decarbonizing California’s transportation sector. In Crafting incentives, developing policies, and building consumer awareness. Symposium conducted at the National Governors Association’s West Regional Transportation Electrification Workshop. California. Retrieved from https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Crafting-Incentives.pdf

33 Exec. Order No. B 2019 002, State of Colorado (2019, January 17). Retrieved from https://www.colorado.gov/governor/sites/default/files/inline-files/b_2019-002_supporting_a_transition_to_zero_emissions_vehicles.pdf

34 Chuang, T. (2019, May 13). A first look at how Colorado will become a ZEV state: The rule, the cost, the debate. Colorado Sun. Retrieved from https://coloradosun.com/2019/05/13/colorado-electric-vehicle-state-rules

35 Exec. Order No. 17-21, State of Oregon (2017, November 6). Retrieved from https://www.oregon.gov/gov/Documents/executive_orders/eo_17-21.pdf

36 Exec. Order No. 17-21, State of Oregon (2017, November 6). Retrieved from https://www.oregon.gov/gov/Documents/executive_orders/eo_17-21.pdf

37 Bellan, R. (2018, October 15). The grim state of electric vehicle adoption in the U.S. Retrieved from https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2018/10/where-americas-charge-towards-electric-vehicles-stands-today/572857

1 Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team. (2016). ICS-CERT annual vulnerability coordination report. Retrieved from https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/Annual_Reports/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_2016_Annual_Vulnerability_Coordination_Report_S508C.pdf

2 Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team. (2016). ICS-CERT annual vulnerability coordination report. Retrieved from https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/Annual_Reports/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_2016_Annual_Vulnerability_Coordination_Report_S508C.pdf

3 EY. (2015, March). Cybersecurity and the Internet of Things. Retrieved from https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-cybersecurity-and-the-internet-of-things/$FILE/EY-cybersecurity-and-the-internet-of-things.pdf

4 Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center. (2016). E-ISAC end of year report. Retrieved from https://www.eisac.com/cartella/Asset/00006271/E-ISAC%202016%20End%20of%20Year%20Report.pdf?parent=64137

5 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Emergency Response. (n.d.) Electric disturbance events (OE-417) annual summaries. Retrieved from https://www.oe.netl.doe.gov/OE417_annual_summary.aspx

6 Mai, H. J. (2019, May 10). NERC to analyze first potential cyberattack on US grid. Utility Dive. Retrieved from https://www.utilitydive.com/news/nerc-to-analyze-first-potential-cyberattack-on-us-grid/554504/

7 Sobczak, B. (2019, May 6). Experts assess damage after first cyberattack on U.S. grid. E&E News. Retrieved from https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060281821

8 Walton, R. (2017, July 7). Reports: Cyberattacks breached at least a dozen power plants, including nukes. Utility Dive. Retrieved from https://www.utilitydive.com/news/reports-cyberattacks-breached-at-least-a-dozen-power-plants-including-nuk/446581/

9 Mai, H. J. (2019, May 13). US power sector recognizes cyber risks, but violations show enforcement issues. Utility Dive. Retrieved from https://www.utilitydive.com/news/us-power-sector-recognizes-cyber-risks-but-violations-show-enforcement-iss/552558/

10 Coats, D. R. (2019, January 29). Statement for the record: Worldwide threat assessment of the US intelligence community. Retrieved from https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/2019-ATA-SFR—SSCI.pdf

11 Milman, O. (2019, May 20). Are hurricanes getting stronger—and is climate breakdown to blame? The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/20/are-hurricanes-getting-stronger-and-is-the-climate-crisis-to-blame

12 Milman, O. (2019, May 20). Are hurricanes getting stronger—and is climate breakdown to blame? The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/20/are-hurricanes-getting-stronger-and-is-the-climate-crisis-to-blame

13 Patel, K. (2018, December 5). Six trends to know about fire season in the western U.S. Retrieved from https://climate.nasa.gov/blog/2830/six-trends-to-know-about-fire-season-in-the-western-us

14 AECOM. (2013, June). The impact of climate change and population growth on the National Flood Insurance Program through 2100. Retrieved from http://www.aecom.com/content/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Climate_Change_Report_AECOM_2013-06-11.pdf

15 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service. (n.d.). Weather related fatality and injury statistics. Retrieved from https://www.weather.gov/hazstat/

16 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response. (n.d.). CESER mission. Retrieved from www.energy.gov/ceser/ceser-mission

17 Kambour, A. (2016, October 21). Improving state coordination for energy assurance planning and response. Retrieved from https://www.nga.org/center/publications/improving-state-coordination-for-energy-assurance-planning-and-response

18 Kambour, A. (2016, October 21). Improving state coordination for energy assurance planning and response. Retrieved from https://www.nga.org/center/publications/improving-state-coordination-for-energy-assurance-planning-and-response

19 Colorado Resilience Office. (2019). Resiliency frameworks. Retrieved from https://www.coresiliency.com/resiliency-frameworks

20 Oregon Department of Energy. (2019). Oregon guidebook for local energy resilience for small and medium electric utilities. Retrieved from https://www.oregon.gov/energy/safety-resiliency/Documents/Oregon-Resilience-Guidebook-COUs.pdf

21 DSIRE & North Carolina Clean Energy Technology Center. (2019, June). Renewable and clean energy standards. Retrieved from http://s3.amazonaws.com/ncsolarcen-prod/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/RPS-CES-June2019.pdf

1 Oregon Department of Energy, Oregon Public Utility Commission. (2012 August). Oregon state energy assurance plan. Retrieved from https://www.oregon.gov/energy/Data-and-Reports/Documents/2012%20Oregon%20State%20Energy%20Assurance%20Plan.pdf

2 Montana Department of Environmental Quality. (2016, January). Montana energy assurance plan. Retrieved from https://deq.mt.gov/Portals/112/Energy/EnergizeMT/Energy%20Assurance/MTENERGYASSURANCEPLAN-final.pdf?ver=2017-02-07-112024-230&timestamp=1486491659359

3 Montana Department of Environmental Quality. (2016, January). Montana energy assurance plan. Retrieved from https://deq.mt.gov/Portals/112/Energy/EnergizeMT/Energy%20Assurance/MTENERGYASSURANCEPLAN-final.pdf?ver=2017-02-07-112024-230&timestamp=1486491659359

4 Oklahoma State Energy Office. (2013, April). Oklahoma energy assurance plan. Retrieved from http://www.occeweb.com/pu/PUDVideo/2013%20EAP%20Plan%20FINAL.pdf

5 National Governors Association. (2017). Meet the threat: States confront the cyber challenge: 2016–17 NGA Chair’s initiative. Memo on state cybersecurity governance bodies. Retrieved from https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Task-Force-Memo-Final.pdf

6 Texas, S.B. 475, 86th Legis. (2019–2020).

7 Texas, S.B. 936, 86th Legis. (2019–2020).

8 Exec. Order No. 18-17, Vermont Legis., 2nd Sess. (2017, October 10). Retrieved from https://governor.vermont.gov/sites/scott/files/documents/EO%2018-17%20-%20Governor%27s%20Cybersecurity%20Advisory%20Team.pdf

9 State of Vermont, Office of Governor Phil Scott. (2017, November 20). Governor Phil Scott announces appointments to Cybersecurity Advisory Team [Press release]. Retrieved from https://governor.vermont.gov/press-release/governor-phil-scott-announces-appointments-cybersecurity-advisory-team

10 Rackley, J. (2019, June). State protection of critical energy infrastructure information (CEII). Retrieved from http://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CEII-Paper-June-2019-Revised.pdf

11 Records Exempt from Disclosure, Idaho Code § 74-105(4)(b) (2017). Retrieved from https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title74/t74ch1/sect74-105

12 Records Exempt from Disclosure, Idaho Code § 74-105(4)(b) (2017). Retrieved from https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title74/t74ch1/sect74-105

13 Louisiana Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act, S.B. 46 (2019).

14 Louisiana Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act, S.B. 46 (2019).

15 State of Connecticut Public Utilities Regulatory Authority. (2014, April 14). Cybersecurity and Connecticut’s public utilities. Retrieved from https://www.ct.gov/pura/lib/pura/electric/cyber_report_041414.pdf

16 State of Connecticut Public Utilities Regulatory Authority. (2016, April 6). Connecticut public utilities cybersecurity action plan. Retrieved from https://www.ct.gov/pura/lib/pura/electric/cyber_report_April_6_2016.pdf

17 State of New Jersey Board of Public Utilities. (2011, October 23). Reliability & security. Docket No. EO11 090575. Retrieved from https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/pdf/boardorders/2011/20111004/10-13-11-6B.pdf

18 State of New Jersey Board of Public Utilities. (2016, March 18). Reliability & security. Docket No. A016030196. Retrieved from https://www.nj.gov/bpu/pdf/boardorders/2016/20160318/3-18-16-6A.pdf

19 North American Electric Reliability Corporation. (n.d.). GridEx V frequently asked questions. Retrieved from https://www.nerc.com/pa/CI/CIPOutreach/Documents/CIP%20Outreach%20Document%20Library/TLP%20WHITE%20E-ISAC%20GridEx%20V%20FAQ.PDF

20 Indiana Executive Council on Cybersecurity. (2018, September). Cyber Pre- Thru Post-Incident Working Group strategic plan. Retrieved from https://www.in.gov/cybersecurity/files/Appendix%20D.11%20Pre-Post%20Incident%20Working%20Group%20Final.pdf

21 Idaho National Laboratory, Mission Support Center. (2016, August). Cyber threat and vulnerability analysis of the U.S. electric sector. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Cyber%20Threat%20and%20Vulnerability%20Analysis%20of%20the%20U.S.%20Electric%20Sector.pdf; and The Florida Public Service Commission, Office of Auditing and Performance Analysis. (2018, April). Review of cyber and physical security protection of utility substation and control centers. Retrieved from http://www.psc.state.fl.us/Files/PDF/Publications/Reports/General/Electricgas/Cyber_Physical_Security.pdf

22 North American Electric Reliability Corporation. (2018, March). Grid Security Exercise GridEx IV lessons learned (Atlanta, GA: North American Electric Reliability Corporation.

23 New York Senate Standing Committee on Veterans, Homeland Security and Military Affairs. (2015). To address New York State’s cyber security infrastructure.

24 For more information see https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Idaho-Resiliency-Retreat-Master-Deck.pdf OR https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Master-Deck-Maryland-Resilience-Retreat-NGA-Framework-Powerpoint.pdf OR https://www.nga.org/center/meetings/oregon-retreat-on-prioritizing-and-valuing-local-energy-resilience/

25 Maloney, P. (2018, June 12). California looks to next steps as utilities near energy storage targets. Utility Dive. Retrieved from www.utilitydive.com/news/california-looks-to-next-steps-as-utilities-near-energy-storage-targets/525441

26 Massachusetts Clean Energy Center. (n.d.). Community Microgrids Program. Retrieved from www.masscec.com/community-microgrids-program

27 Massachusetts Clean Energy Center. (n.d.). Community Microgrids Program. Retrieved from www.masscec.com/community-microgrids-program

28 Government of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico Energy Commission. (2018, May). Adoption of proposed regulation on microgrid development. Retrieved from http://energia.pr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Resolution-Adoptation-of-Microgrid-Regulation-Final.pdf